Coated article



.1. C. EMHARDT.

COATED ARTICLE. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, I918.

1,393,355. Patented Oct. 11, 1-921.

3 vwentoz Lia/1n (7/07/95 Zhz/zrrrr/f (Hi/3 Nov/e130 UNITED 'sTATEs PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN CHARLES EMHABDT, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, ASSIG-NOR TO E. I. my POINT mt NEMOUBS 6: COMPANY, OF WILMINGTON, DELAWARE, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

COATED ARTICLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 11, 1921.

' To all'whom itmazy concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN CHAnnEs-EM- HARn'r, of Wilmington, in the county of New Castle, and in the State of Delaware, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Coated Articles; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates particularly to lireprotective coatings, especially such coatlngs which are comprised of an under coating containing a cellulose ester and an upper coating containing a fire-resisting paint.

The object of my invention is to prov de coatings for surfaces of various kinds wh ch provide an extremely effective protectlon against ignition and spread of fire.

The object of my invention is to prov de compositions of the above character which will effectively withstand ignition under the conditions to which they are subjected in actual practice.

A further object is to provide compositions of this character wh1ch are especially ap licable for use in coating airplanes.

articularly the object of my invention is v to rovide compositions of this nature which wil prevent ignition of the airplane surfaces beneath coatings of such compositions, as for example when gasolene or other inflammable liquids are dropped upon the coated surfaces and ignited thereon. That is to say, the object of my invention is to provide such coating compositions which will protect the airplanes coated thereby from ignitionby a larger quantit of burning gasolene on the coated sur aces than surfaces coated with previous coating compositions would withstand.

A further object is to provide compositions of this nature which are waterproof, have a low resistance to the air, and which provide the necessary strength and shrinkage after application but without danger of cracking in use. a

Still another object of my invention is to provide fireproof substances for use in compositions of this character which will giveolf fire suppressing gases, as for example ammonia or water, as in the case of the water of crystalhzatlon, or water of con- A further object is to utilize substances of this character which have a low solubility in water.

More particularly the object of my inventlon is to provide protective coatings of the above character comprising a lower coating contalnlng a cellulose ester, as for example nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate, with or w thout the presence of fire-retarding constltuents, and an upper coating of a drying 011 containing fire-retarding constituents.

Further objects of my invention will appear from the detailed description thereoi contained hereinafter.

do my invention is capable of being carried out in many difi'erent ways, for the purpose of illustration I shall describe only certain forms of my invention hereinafter.

For example, I may use one of many different fire-proofing constituents for the nitrocellulose compositions of the kind herenabove referred to, but among those which I prefer for this purpose are:

Ammonium magnesium Lplhlos hate,

,llv igPO fiH O, Ammonium phosphate, H PO Ammonium magnesium arsenate,

. Ammonium manganese pho hate NIFifMnPb,.H,O, Ammonium manganese arsenate,

Other ammonium salts may be used for this purpose, if desired, or other salts adapted to give off such protective gases or hqulds. 4 A coating composition which may be made n accordance with my invention and which is particularly adapted for coa the cloth covering airplanes may be the 0 owing:

For example, the lower coating may be comprised of an ordinary cellulose ester Ill limits.

coating composition, such as a pyroxylin composition, which may contain:

7% by weight of pyroxylin,

63% by welght of acetone,

% by weight of amyl acetate.

Or, instead, I may use any composition of this general nature containing a fire-retarding constituent.

may use one of many different fireproofing constituents for the nitrocellulose coatings of the kind hereinab'ove referred to.

A fireproof coating which may be made in accordance with my invention and which is particularly adapted for coating the cloth covering airplanes may be the following:

7% by weight pyroxylin,

7% by weight ammonium magnesium phosphate,

56% by weight acetone,

30% b weight amyl acetate.

The surface to be coated, as for example, the surface of an airplane, may be provided with several coats of one of the above compositions. In the above compositions. I may substitute cellulose acetate for the pyroxylin, if desired. In any of the forepoing compositions I ,may use 30% by. weight of a diluent such as benzol, toluol pr benzine, if desired.

Thereafter I may apply one or more coats pf a fire-retarding paint, that is to say, an bil coating compos tion containing lire-re tarding constituents, of which the following may be an example:

% by weight boiled linseed oil.

25% by weight ammonium magnesium phosphate,

by weight of a drier, such for example as cobalt linoleate,

223% by weight of turpentine or turpentine substitute.

Other drying oils may be used instead of the linseed oil, if desired.

The proportions in any or all of the above compositions may be varied within wide The ammonium magnesium phosphate is insoluble in water and when heated gives off ammonia and water of crystallization and water of'constit'ution. The ammonia and water of crystallization and constitution provide. smothering gases. The water acts also as a liquid blanket and ab- ;sorbsheat due to the physical and chemical change in liberating the water of crystallization and constitution. The liberation of the water of crystallization and constitution absorbs heat and the vaporization of the water thus liberated results also in the absorption of heat. In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a pers ective view of a portion of the article em odying my invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the article with the cellulose ester coating applied;

Fig 3 is a similar view of the completed article.

As appears from the legends on the'drawing, the fabric 1, or other surface which is to be coated, is first given a coating 2 of a cellulose ester, and thereafter a coating 3 of a fire-retarding paint is applied and the solvents allowed to evaporate.

Any further additional. constituents of any desired character may be added, if desired, to the above compositions. Various solvent mixtures may be used, as for example, solvents including ethyl acetate, methyl acetate and ethyl alcohol as the solvent constituents, and benzol, toluol, and benzin' as diluents. For example, I may add thereto 30% by weight of any of the above mentioned diluents. Also I may add any proportion of pigments, and oils as in the following examples:

6% by Weight pyroxylin, by Weight color pigment, such as zinc oxid,

6% by phosphate.

1% by weight castor oil, 56%% by weight acetone, 30% by weight amyl acetate,

weight ammonium magnesium phate, which is above referred to, when used, not only gives off ammonia and water of constitution, but provides a liquid blanket of phosphoric acid which retards the fire.

While I have described my invention above in detail, I wish it'to be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing from the spiritv of the invention.

I claim:

1. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition and a covering layer of a composition containing a substance which will give ofl a fire-retarding gas when heated.

2. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition and a covering layer of a com osition containing a drying oil and a su nce iao' which will give ofi a fire-retarding gas when heated.

3. An article having a coating comprism a layer of a cellulose ester coating composi- -tion containing a fire-retarding substance,

and a covering layer of a composition containing a substance which will give ofi a fire-retarding gas when heated.

4. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition containing a fire-retarding substance, and a covering layer of a composition containing a drying oil and a substance which will give 011' -a fire-retarding gas when heated.

5. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition containing a substance which W111 give.

'ofi a fire-retarding gas when heated, and a covering layer of a paint containing a drymg oil and a fire-retarding substance.

6. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition containing ammonium magnesium phosphate, and a covering layer of a composition containing a drying oil and ammonium magnesium phosphate.

7. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coatmg composition, and a covering layer of a composltion containing ammonium magnesium phosphate.

8. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coatmg composition, and a covering layer of a composition containing a drying oil and ammonium magnesium phosphate.

9. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition, and a covering layer of a composition containing a pigment and a fire-retarding substance.

10. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition, and a covering layer of a composition containing a pigment and a substance which will absorb heat by chemical change when subjected to heat or fire.

11. An article having a coating compri ing a layer of a cellulose ester coating com position, and a covering layer of a composition containing a substance which will absorb heat by chemical change when subjected to heat or fire.

12. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition containing a solvent therefor, and a covering layer of a composition containing a drying oil and ammonium magnesium phosphate.

13. An article having a coating comprising a layer of a cellulose ester coating composition containing a solvent therefor and ammonium magnesium phosphate, and a covering layer of a composition containing 

